Enhancements to this assay will improve existing methodologies used in toxicological studies, assist in the development of objective thresholds for toxicological effects, and provide a math-based approach that can be applied to the continued study of various disease pathways. This project will specifically use aerosols, condensates, and constituents associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in assay development. This project will enhance an existing high-throughput in vitro air-blood-barrier array (ABBA)-based barrier breakdown and neutrophil transmigration/activation assay that can be used to characterize and predict toxic responses to inhaled substances/mixtures. In-Vitro Assessment of Chemical Mixture-Induced Airway Inflammation in Healthy and Diseased Lungs Institution: Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International Karmann Riter (CTP Contact: Cassandra Nelson) Samples will be stored for 12 months, and triplicate samples will be tested at defined time points (0, 3, 6, 12 months) during the study to provide data over a simulated shelf-life. Two preservatives – t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and sodium chlorate – will be tested separately and together for their ability to decrease TSNA formation in a reference smokeless tobacco product over time. To determine whether NRB alone are responsible for TSNA formation in tobacco products, researchers will follow an eight-step analytical approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of common preservatives to inhibit tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) formation in tobacco products by nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB). Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria (NRB) and Preservative Evaluation in Tobacco Products
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